Uso de inhaladores para la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica en un grupo de pacientes colombianos

Introducción: En Colombia son escasos los datos sobre el uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. Objetivo: Describir la técnica de uso de inhaladores de dosis medida y polvo seco en pacientes de un hospital colombiano. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo en pacientes mayores de 40 años con EPOC atendidos en un hospital en La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, entre el 1 de septiembre de 2019 al 31 de enero de 2020. La unidad de análisis fueron los pacientes. Se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y lista de chequeo para uso de inhaladores. Se aplicaron frecuencias y proporciones para variables discretas, estadísticas de tendencia central y dispersión para variables continuas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 104 pacientes con edad media de 73,6 ± 10,1 años; 57 eran mujeres (54,8 %). Además, 48 pacientes estaban clasificados como GOLD-D (46,2 %). Igualmente, 89 pacientes manifestaron haber recibido educación sobre el uso de broncodilatadores (85,6 %). Los más frecuentes fueron los inhaladores de dosis medida (DM) en 95 casos (91,3 %), seguido de los de polvo seco unidosis (7,7 %). Así mismo, 37 pacientes que usaron DM sin inhalocámara (35,6 %) no cumplieron los pasos de la lista de chequeo. En el sistema multidosis, el más realizado fue cerrar de manera adecuada el inhalador y el menos ejecutado, expulsar el aire lentamente evitando hacerlo cerca del inhalador (n = 6; 5,7 %). Discusión: Se lograron describir las características de la técnica de uso de los inhaladores en pacientes con EPOC. A pesar de que ningún paciente logró utilizar el inhalador de forma "perfecta", la mayoría han recibido educación por parte de los profesionales de la salud. Conclusión: Un alto porcentaje de pacientes usa inadecuadamente los dispositivos para suministrar los broncodilatadores. Esto puede impactar negativamente en el control de la enfermedad.

Introduction: In Colombia, there is limited data on the use of inhalers in patients with COPD. Objective: The objective was to describe the technique of using metered-dose inhalers and dry powder in patients in a Colombian hospital. Methods: Observational, descriptive study of patients over 40 years of age with COPD, treated in a hospital in La Virginia, Risaralda, Colombia, between September 1st, 2019 and January 31st, 2020. The unit of analysis were patients in consultation. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, and a checklist for use of inhalers were included. Frequencies and proportions were applied for discrete variables, statistics of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables. Results: A total of 104 patients with an average age of 73.6 ± 10.1 years were included; 57 were women (54.8%). In addition, 48 patients were classified as GOLD-D (46.2%). Similarly, 89 patients reported having received education on the use of bronchodilators (85.6%). The most common were metered-dose (MD) inhalers in 95 cases (91.3%), followed by single-dose dry powder inhalers in eight patients (7.7%). Likewise, 37 patients who used DM without inhalochamber (35.6%) did not comply with the steps of the checklist. In the multidose system, the most performed was to properly close the inhaler and the least performed was to expel the air slowly, avoiding doing so near the inhaler (n=6; 5.7%). Discussion: The characteristics of the technique of using inhalers in patients with COPD were described. Although no patient was able to use the inhaler "perfectly", most have received education from health professionals. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients misuse the devices to deliver bronchodilators. This can negatively impact the control of the disease.

Roles of Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel, phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and ? adrenergic activity in Tridax procumbens leaf extract relaxation of trachea smooth muscle in male Wistar rats

Background: Although traditional use of Tridax procumbens aqueous leaf extract (TPALE) in the management of respiratory disorders is documented, validated scientific evidence is scarce. Aim and Objectives: Trachea smooth muscle (TSM) relaxant activity of TPALE ingestion was investigated in the presence or absence of key TSM relaxant agents. This was with the aim at elucidating relaxant activity of TPALE on TSM. Materials and Methods: Contractile activity of TSM excised from TPALE treated (100 mg/kg) and non-treated rats was assessed pre - and post-incubation in salbutamol (10?4 M), theophylline (10?4 M), caffeine (10?4 M), naringin (10?4 M), and naringenin (10?4 M) using organ chamber connected to a force isometric transducer (Model 7004; Ugo-Basile VArese, Italy). Results: TPALE treatment significantly inhibited contractile activity in TSM. TPALE treated rats showed significantly inhibited contractile activity of the TSM pre (45.6%) and post-incubation (35%) in theophylline when compared to control pre (90.6%) and post-incubation (60%). Incubation of TSM from control and TPALE treated rats in salbutamol, significantly inhibited contractile activity (33.2%) and (37.2%), respectively. After incubation in caffeine, TSM from TPALE treated rats showed significant inhibition in the contractile activity (30.7%) as TSM from control postincubation (38.4%). TSM of TPALE-treated group pre-incubation showed significant inhibition in contractile activity (41.8%) when compared to the TSM of TPALE-treated Group (59.3%) and control (64.5%) post-incubation in naringin. However, incubation of TSM of TPALE-treated rats in naringenin significantly inhibited contractile activity (40.4%) when compared to pre-incubation (45%) and control pre - and post-incubation, respectively (52% and 90%). Conclusion: Calcium-activated K+ channels, ?2 adrenergic stimulation, and antioxidant activity contribute to the mediation of relaxant activity by TPALE in TSM.

The use of metered-dose inhaler versus nebulization for the delivery of salbutamol in pediatric severe asthma exacerbations: A systematic review

BACKGROUND@#Recent guidelines for the management of asthma have advocated the use of a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and spacer in the delivery of salbutamol. However, there is a dearth of research in children with severe exacerbation.@*OBJECTIVES@#To compare the effectiveness of MDI with spacers versus nebulizers in drug delivery of salbutamol for the management of pediatric severe asthma exacerbations. @*METHODOLOGY@#A systematic search of the Pubmed, Cochrane library, Herdin, WPRIM, ClinicalTrials and reference review databases was conducted for studies containing “severe asthma” using MDI and spacer as an intervention with nebulization as a comparator.@*RESULTS@#Of 220 articles, 4 met the criteria. In the subgroup analysis, children who received salbutamol through MDI showed no significant difference in hospital admission, pulmonary score, heart and respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and lung function.@*CONCLUSION@#In severe asthma exacerbations, there is evidence to support that MDI compared with nebulizer is statistically equal in terms of hospital admission, pulmonary scores, clinical improvement, and side effects@*RECOMMENDATIONS@#Further randomized controlled trials are suggested to explore the intricacies of drug delivery in management of severe asthma. A meta-analysis may be made possible in the future with more evidence.

Efficacy and safety of combined doxofylline and salbutamol in treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of combined doxofylline and salbutamol in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: A total of 68 acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients were randomly divided into control group (34 cases) and experimental group (34 cases), who received the doxofylline treatment and combined doxofylline and salbutamol treatment for 1 week, respectively. During the treatment, the remission time of typical respiratory manifestations was recorded, and the adverse reactions were observed. At the end of treatment, the treatment efficacy was evaluated. Before and after treatment, the pulmonary function indexes and serological indicators were detected. RESULTS: After treatment, compared with control group, in experimental group, the effective rate of treatment was significantly increased (p<0.05), the remission time of typical respiratory manifestations was significantly shortened (p<0.05), the pulmonary function indexes were significantly improved (p<0.05), the serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cystatin C levels were significantly decreased, respectively (p<0.05), and the serum prealbumin level was significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, the adverse reaction rate had no significant difference between two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the combined use of doxofylline and salbutamol can quickly relieve the respiratory symptoms, mitigate the pulmonary dysfunction, and reduce the inflammatory response, thus promoting the outcome of patients.

Acute salbutamol toxicity in the emergency department: A case report / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

@#Salbutamol is a common medication used in a variety of clinical settings. While there have been many reported cases of orally ingested salbutamol toxicity, there have only been a few reports of inhaled salbutamol overdose. We describe a case of acute inhaled salbutamol toxicity with a combination of clinical findings that have not been previously reported together in a single case. Given the ubiquitous use of salbutamol, many patients may experience symptoms of overdose on a spectrum that ranges from mild side effects to severe toxicity, which may be under-recognized by emergency physicians. We believe that it is important for all emergency clinicians to be aware of and recognize the syndrome of β2-agonist toxicity.

The therapeutic effect of budesonide on childhood asthma and its influence on growth and development 1 to 2 years after the treatment / 药学实践杂志

Objective To explore the effect of budesonide suspension for inhalation in the treatment of childhood asthma and its influence on growth and development in 1-2 years. Methods The 68 children with asthma admitted to our hospital from October 2016 to January 2017 were selected. Every patient had acute attacks and received continued medication. 34 patients treated with salbutamol sulfate inhaled aerosol were used as the control group. 34 patients treated with budesonide suspension combined with salbutamol sulfate aerosol were classified as the observation group. The interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), maximum respiratory flow, IS maximum expiratory volume, regulatory B cell ratio, wheezing disappearance time, shortness of breath relief time, wet rales disappearing time, cough disappearing time, and the two year follow-up indicators of growth and development were compared. Results After medication, IL-6, TNF-α, hs-CRP, regulatory B cell ratio, wheezing disappearance time, shortness of breath relief time, moist rales disappearance time, and cough disappearance time were lower in the observation group(P<0.05). The maximum respiratory flow and IS maximum expiratory volume in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The GH level, height, and weight obtained from two year follow up in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Budesonide suspension combined with salbutamol sulfate aerosol inhalation therapy can alleviate the inflammatory reaction, improve the lung function and immune function of children, and accelerate the disappearance of clinical symptoms, but it will affect the growth and development of children to a certain extent.

Simultaneous detection and quantification of bronchodilators in pure form and from in-vitro drug release of a novel combinational formulation

The analytical method was developed and validated for the quantification of salbutamol sulfate (SS) and ipratropiumbromide (IPB) in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization guidelines in its pure form. Thechromatographic partition was completed utilizing a blend of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (30:70 v/v) with the pHscale adjusted to 3.0 using o-phosphoric acid at a flow rate of 1 ml/minute in Luna C-18(2)(150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm)column. The wavelength for detection was fixed at 212 nm. The SS and IPB showed a standard linearity curve in therange of 2–12 µg/ml, with retention time at 2.4 and 3.8 minutes, respectively. The developed method was reported tobe specific, linear (r2 ≥ 0.999), precise at intraday and interday levels (% relative standard deviation < 2.0%), accurate(% recovery: 96.02%–103.62%), and robust. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for SS was found to be0.42 and 1.26 µg/ml, while that of IPB was 0.44 and 1.34 µg/ml, respectively. Additionally, the developed method waseffectively applied in quantifying SS and IPB from its pure, commercial, and in-house prepared transdermal system tounderstanding the in-vitro drug release pattern from patches.

Beta-2 agonistas para el tratamiento de bronquiolitis / Beta-2 agonists for the treatment of bronchiolitis

INTRODUCCIÓN La bronquiolitis es la inflamación aguda de las vías aéreas de pequeño calibre, teniendo como causa principal las infecciones virales. Es altamente frecuente en menores de dos años, sobretodo en menores de 12 meses. Existe gran controversia sobre el manejo de esta patología, siendo especialmente cuestionable el uso de beta-2 agonistas de corta acción tanto en el ámbito ambulatorio como hospitalario. MÉTODOS Para responder esta pregunta utilizamos Epistemonikos, la mayor base de datos de revisiones sistemáticas en salud a nivel mundial, la cual es mantenida mediante búsquedas en múltiples fuentes de información, incluyendo MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, entre otras. Extrajimos los datos desde las revisiones identificadas, reanalizamos los datos de los estudios primarios, realizamos un metanálisis, y preparamos una tabla de resumen de los resultados utilizando el método GRADE. RESULTADOS Y CONCLUSIONES Identificamos siete revisiones sistemáticas que en conjunto incluyen 47 estudios primarios, de los cuales 44 corresponden a ensayos aleatorizados. Concluimos que el uso de beta-2 agonistas podría no tener ningún beneficio en el manejo de la bronquiolitis, en términos de necesidad de hospitalización y/o duración de la misma. Por otra parte, podría aumentar efectos adversos como arritmias, sin embargo, la certeza de esta evidencia es baja

A pharmacoepidemiological study of prescription patterns of ?2 sympathomimetic bronchodilators in exacerbation of non-severe asthma in tertiary care hospitals, not needing hospitalization

Background: Arformoterol, the (R, R) enantiomer of the racemic (R, R / S, S) diastereomer, formoterol, is a short and long acting ?2 agonist bronchodilator. Levosalbutamol, the (R, R) enantiomer of racemic diastereomer (R, R / S, S) salbutamol, has a greater affinity for the ?2 receptor. Occupation of ?2 receptors by agonists result in the activation of the Gs-adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA pathway, followed by phosphorylative events leading to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation. The aim of this pharmacoepidemiological study was to analyse the prescription patterns, and prescription content analysis, of arformoterol, levosalbutamol, formoterol or salbutamol, in non-severe asthma exacerbation in tertiary care hospitals, not needing hospitalization.Methods: It was a multi-centre, retrospective, observational and analytical study of 100 asthmatic patients’ hospital medical records, treated with 3 doses of arformoterol, levosalbutamol, formoterol or salbutamol nebulization, followed by peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) measurement at the baseline and 6 minutes, after each dose; along with adverse effects recording. The number of prescriptions of 100 patients was recorded, the percentage of prescriptions was calculated, and the prescription content analysis was done.Results: PEFR of the patients showed significant increase after the first, second and third doses of bronchodilator nebulisation, with negligible adverse effects. Salbutamol was most commonly prescribed (45 prescriptions, 45%), followed by levosalbutamol (35 prescriptions, 35%), formoterol (15 prescriptions, 15%) and arformoterol (5 prescriptions, 5%). All aspects of prescription content analysis showed 100% completeness.Conclusions: Arformoterol was more effective, but equally safe, as compared to levosalbutamol, formoterol and salbutamol. Prescription frequency of salbutamol was followed by levosalbutamol, formoterol and arformoterol. Prescription content analyses showed 100% completeness.

Exercise-Induced bronchoconstriction and therapeutic modulation in Iraqi Girls Intermediate School Students

EIB (Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction) describes the narrowing that accurs in the airway follow a short period of exercise. EIB is found in 8-10% of normal children population as occult bronchospasm during or after physical activities. The mecanisms of EIB are related to rapid ventilation and mouth brathing which cause beat and water loss during breathing leading to bronchoconstriction. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) measured pre and post-exercise in students aged 12-16 years in girl intrmediate school. Any female shows PEFR values reduction 15% after 6 minutes continuous free running considered as asthmatic patient, this give an incidence rate of asthmatic patient of 9% in female students in this age. Treatment of EIB, Zafirlukast treatment gives (85.7%) protection rate. While salbutamol inhalation gives a protection rate 88%. Only 66.6% of girls with EIB give an improvement in PEFR values after sodium cromoglycate treatment. A regular measurement of PEFR in school students appears to be a good indicator of EIB, while inhalation of salbutaol 15 minutes before exercise give a good protection against EIB attacks at least for 4 hours (AU)

Study On Comparison Of Nebulization With Salbutamol Alone With Combination Of Salbutamol And Ipratropium Bromide In The Treatment Of Acute Exacerbation Of Bronchial Asthma

Introduction:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the lung airways resulting in episodic airflow obstruction. This chronic inflammation heightens the airway hyper responsiveness (AHR). Asthma is defined by the history of respiratory symptoms like wheeze, shortness of breath, chest tightness and cough that vary over time and in intensity together with variable expiratory airflow limitation.1 Aims & Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of a combination of inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide) and beta 2 agonists (salbutamol) compared with beta 2 agonists (salbutamol) alone for the treatment of children with acute exacerbation of asthma. Methods: This is a randomized comparative study conducted in the Department of pediatrics ASRAM Medical College during the period May 2018 to June2019. Total 66 children between the age group of 1-15 years with eligible diagnostic criteria were included in the study. Results: The percentage increase in predicted PEFR is better in Group II with a mean of 24.74 compared to Group I with a mean of 13.35. The p value is highly significant 0.001. The mean PAS at the start of the study is 10.5 in Group I and 10.7 in Group II. The mean PAS at the end of the study is 7.19 in Group I and 5.77 in Group II. The p value is 0.001 and is highly significant. The outcome is better in Group II when compared to Group I with a better decrease in PAS and better increase in percentage predicted PEFR. Conclusion: In the present study it has been proven the repeated doses of Ipratropium bromide combined to Salbutamol is beneficial and it reduces the broncomotor cholinergic tone.

Clinical effect of montelukast combined with budesonide in the treatment of children with cough variant asthma / 中国基层医药

Objective To explore the curative effect of montelukast combined with budesonide in the treatment of cough variant asthma in children,to provide guidance for clinical practice.Methods From March 2015 to March 2017,90 children with cough variant asthma in the People's Hospital of Yanggu County were randomly divided into observation group(n =45) and control group(n =45) according to the digital table.The observation group was given budesonide combined with montelukast,while the control group was given budesonide combined with salbutamol sulfate.All patients were followed up for 3 months.The curative effect,cough relief time,cough disappearance time,incidence rate of adverse reaction and recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group(95.56％) was significantly higher than 77.78％ of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The cough relief time[(7.79 ± 3.23)d] and the cough disappearance time [(10.78 ± 2.36)d] in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group [(9.16 ± 2.23) d,(12.24 ± 2.78) d] (all P ＜ 0.05).The incidence rate of adverse reactions of the observation group was 2.22％,which of the control group was 6.67％,there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The recurrence rate of the observation group (4.44％) was significantly lower than 17.78％ of the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It is feasible to treat cough variant asthma in children with montelukast combined with budesonide,and it is helpful to reduce recurrence.

Effect of salbutamol on the cardiovascular response in healthy subjects at rest, during physical exercise, and in recovery phase: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study

Aim: To evaluate the effect of the short-acting beta agonists (SABAs) salbutamol on cardiovascular response rest, exercise and recovery phase. Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, crossover study in 15 healthy adults, with a mean age of 30.2±6.6 years. Participants underwent a maximal effort test on two non-consecutive days with 400 mcg of salbutamol or placebo. Throughout the protocol, the variables HR, blood pressure (BP), perceived rate of effort (modified Borg scale) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were monitored. After salbutamol, baseline HR and PEF had increase from 71±8 to 80±11 bpm (p<0.05) and 454.0±64.5 to 475.3±71.4 L/min (p < 0.05), respectively. The variables HR, BP and Borg were similar between interventions during all the protocol phases (p>0.05). Conclusion: Administration of salbutamol increased rest heart rate; however, did not change heart rate, blood pressure and perceived exertion during exercise or recovery. This suggests that the salbutamol administration is safe and does not affect exercise intensity prescription in healthy subjects.(AU)

Effectiveness evaluation of salbutamol combined with budesonide suspension on acute Attack of bronchial asthma / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To analyze effectiveness evaluation of Salbutamol combined with budesonide suspension on acute attack of bronchial asthma.Methods150 patients with acute attack of bronchial asthma in hospital from October 2015 to October 2016 were selected,patients were divided into observation group and control group,every groups with 75 cases.Control group patients were given inhalation of salbutamol,observation group patients were given salbutamol combined with budesonide treatment,two groups patients effect were analyzed.ResultsThe total effective rate of the observation group (90.7%) was significantly higher than that in control group (65.4%) (P<0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups before treatment.The observation group was significantly better than the control group (P<0.05),cough and wheeze improvement time was significantly shorter than the control group (P<0.05).The observation group average dosage of prednisone was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionWith the implementation of salbutamol combined with budesonide suspension treatment can improve the effect of the treatment of acute attack of bronchial asthma.

Influence of inhaled budesonide and salbutamol on oxidative stress and serum inflammatory cytokines in children with bronchial asthma / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the clinical effect of budesonide combined with salbutamol in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma,and its influence on oxidative stress and serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2r) levels.Methods 70 children with bronchial asthma were divided into observation group and control group according to the different treatment,35 cases in each group.The observation group was inhaled budesonide combined with salbutamol,the control group was given salbutamol inhalation therapy.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed,and the changes of serum oxidative stress factor,IL-2 and sIL-2r levels before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.Results In the observation group,20 cases were cured,7 cases were markedly effective,effective in 5 cases,the total effective rate was 94.3％.In the control group,17 cases were cured,6 cases were markedly effective,effective in 4 cases,the total effective rate was 77.1％.The total effective rate between the two groups had statistically significant difference (x2 =26.543,P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the malondialdehyde (MDA),end products (AOPP) of the observation group were (16.26 ± 1.76)U/L,(42.123 ± 5.745) μmol/L,respectively,which were lower than those of the control group [(22.16 ± 2.84) U/L,(63.63 ± 6.22) μ mol/L,t =23.354,25.348,all P ＜ 0.05].The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the observation group were (236.46 ± 32.25) ng/L,(19.643 ± 3.587) ng/L,respectively,which were higher than those of the control group [(197.43 ± 18.42) ng/L,(18.244 ± 2.446) ng/L,t =18.943,15.123,all P ＜O.05].The IL-2,sIL-2r levels of the observation group were (5.28 ± 2.65) μg/L,(30.376 ± 2.147) mg/L,respectively,which were significantly lower than those of the control group [(9.84 ± 3.22) μg/L,(37.564 ± 1.323)mg/L],the differences were statistically significant (t =21.378,24.643,all P ＜ O.05).Conclusion Inhaled budesonide combined with salbutamol in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma is helpful to control the symptoms of asthma,and can inhibit oxidative stress,reduce serum sIL-2r and IL-2 levels,it is worthy of promotion.

Effect and influence on inflammatory factors of montelukast combined with salbutamol aerosol in treatment of cough variant asthma / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the effect and influence on inflammatory factors of salbutamol aerosol combined with montelukast in treatment of cough variant asthma.Methods From Jan 2015 to Jan 2016,120 cases of cough variant asthma in our hospital were selected as the subjects.They were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups:control group (n =60) were treated with salbutamol aerosol,and observation group were treated with salbutamol aerosol and montelukast.The clinical effects,the pulmonary function and the serum inflammatory factors were compared between the two groups.Results After 2 months of treatment,the effective rate of the control group and the observation group were 73.3％ and 96.7％ respectively,there was statistical differences between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).The FEV1 and FEV1/FVC of both groups showed remarkable increase.The FEV1,FEV1/FVC of observation group were (2.21 ± 0.17) L,(66.10 ± 4.46)％,and the FEV1,FEV1/FVC of control group (1.82 ± 0.11) L,(52.48 ± 3.34)％.The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The IL-6 and TNF-α of both groups showed remarkable decrease.IL-6 and TNF-α in observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (14.58 ± 2.90 vs.20.87 ± 3.26,P ＜ 0.05;0.59 ± 0.12 vs.0.97 ± 0.15,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The use of montelukast combined with salbutamol aerosol in the treatment of cough variant asthma was safe and effective,and could significantly improve pulmonary function and reduce inflammatory factor.

Clinical Observation of Budesonide Combined with Salbutamol in the Treatment of Infant Bronchiolitis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate therapeutic efficacy,safety and economics of budesonide for infant bronchiolitis based on salbutamot. METHODS:In prospective study,160 inpatient children with bronchiolitis during Oct. 2014-Apr. 2016 were divid-ed into observation group and control group according to admission order,with 80 cases in each group. Both groups received conventional treatments. Control group was given Salbutamol solution for inhalation 0.25 mL added into 0.9% Sodium chloride injection 3 mL,q8 h. Observation group was given Budesonide suspension for inhalation 2 mL added into 0.9% Sodium chlo-ride injection 1 mL+Salbutamol solution for inhalation 0.25 mL,q8 h. Both groups received oxygen driven inhalation,and treat-ed for 5-7 d. Clinical symptom disappearance time,hospitalization time and clinical efficacy were compared between 2 groups as well as therapy drug cost(aerosol inhalation,other therapy drugs). The occurrence of ADR was recorded. RESULTS:There was no statistical significance in cough disappearance time,wheezing disappearance time,lung rale disappearance time,tri-re-traction sign disappearance time and hospitalization time between 2 groups(P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in to-tal response rate between observation group (95.00%) and control group (92.50%)(P>0.05). The cost of inhalation drugs in observation group [(355.77±10.98)yuan] was significantly higher than control group [(26.83±2.86)yuan],with statistical signif-icance (P0.05). There was no significant ADR between 2 groups during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:For infant bronchiolitis,aerosol inhalation of budesonide based on salbutamol sulfate can not significantly shorten disease,shorten hospitalization time and improve clinical ef-ficacy,but increase therapy cost.

Clinical effect of combination of salbutamol and budesonide in bronchial asthma / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the combination clinical effects of salbutamol and budesonide on bronchial asthma .Methods 120 patients withbronchial asthma in First People's Hospital of Yuhang District were selected and randomly divided into two groups of control group and experimental group with 60 cases in each group.Patients in the control group was treated monotherapy with salbutamol, patients in the experimental group were given albuterol and budesonide combination therapy.The treatment effect on symptoms and lung function of the two groups were compared after two weeks . Results After treatment, the breathing, wheezing sound, gasp and cough remission time were significantly shorter in the experimental group than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant ( P <0.05 ) .The effective rate of the control group was 78.33%, the effective rate of the experimental group was 95.00%,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The improvement of lung function in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Compared with monotherapy, the combination of salbutamol and budesonide can improve the efficacy of bronchial asthma patients and improve the quality of life of patients .

Effect of budesonide and salbutamol on serum IL-6 and TNF- levels in bronchopneumonia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of budesonide combined with salbutamol on serum interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factorα (TNF-α) in treatment of bronchial pneumonia. Methods A total of 110 cases of bronchial pneumonia patients were randomly divided into the study group and the normal group, with 55 cases in each group, the two groups were given oxygen, anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment, the study group received budesonide combined with salbutamol treatment, the curative effect and changes of serum IL-6, TNF-alpha levels were compared between two groups. Results The disappeared time of cough, fever, shortness of breath,rhonchi and moist rales, hospitalization time in study group were significantly shorter than the conventional group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After 5 days' treatment, the serum IL-6, TNF-α in study group were lower than normal group(P<0.05), the PaO2, SaO2 in study group were higher than normal group (P<0.05). The efficacy in study group was higher than normal group (P<0.05). Conclusion Budesonide combined with salbutamol in treatment of bronchial pneumonia patients could improve clinical symptoms and anti-inflammatory effect, so as to shorten the treatment time and improve the clinical effect.

Observation on the effect of psychological intervention combined with nebulized salbutamol on the treatment of severe asthma / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effects of inhalation salbutamol combined with psychological intervention on the treatment of patients with severe asthma, and evaluate its clinical curative effect. Methods 162 cases with severe asthma were selected from February 2014 to February 2017 in hospital of traditional Chinese medicine in Zhoushan as the research object, which were randomly divided into the control group and the study group with 81 cases in each group. All patients were given nebulized salbutamol, the control group in the perioperative were given routine nursing intervention, at this basis, the study group were given targeted psychological nursing. The effect in the two groups was compared. Results The total effective rate in the study group was 91.36％ (74/81) was significantly better than that in the control group 76.54％ (72/81), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, lung wheezing were improved significantly , and all the symptoms in the study group was obviously better than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Aerosol inhalation of salbutamol combined with psychological intervention on the treatment of severe asthma patients has significant curative effect, which can significantly improve the clinical treatment effect, improve the clinical symptoms in a timely manner, and has the value of application and promotion.